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| 336 BC |
| | An advance guard of 10,000 troops sets off towards Persia in the spring, with Philip due to follow later with the main army | |
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| 336 BC |
| | The League of Corinth elects Alexander to take his father's place as leader of the campaign against Persia | |
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| 331 BC |
| | Moving northeast into Mesopotamia, Alexander again defeats Darius III (at Gaugamela), leaving Persia open to his advances | |
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| 330 BC |
| | As a conclusive end to the long rivalry between Greece and Persia, Alexander destroys the great palace of Xerxes at Persepolis | |
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| 330 BC |
| | Alexander adopts the ceremonial dress and court rituals of of his new Persian empire | |
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| 330 BC |
| | Alexander begins two years moving with his army through his vast new territories, establishing Greek settlements | |
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| 324 BC |
| | Back in Persia, to emphasize that Greece and Persia are now one, Alexander marries eighty of his senior officers to Persian wives | |
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| 324 BC |
| | Alexander and his companion Hephaestion marry daughters of Darius III | |
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| 324 BC |
| | When the army reaches Ecbatana, Hephaestion dies of a fever and the grief-stricken Alexander erects shrines in his memory | |
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| 106 BC |
| | A caravan leaves China with goods destined for Persia - proof that the eastern half of the Silk Road is now open | |
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